"The dead were carried by six [men], the coffin. Three on each side and behind them was a little girl. On foot they carried them. They took them from El Espinazo to La Arizona where the cemetery was located. They took them by the road and there were people lining the road and they would help them [carry the coffin]. They kept changing. In those days they buried all the Mexicans up there. They took them on foot. The Italians were buried in Bunkers. The Mexican were buried in La Bendicion because they did not have money. They took them on foot. The Italians were buried over here because they rented the train. The train went down and took two flat cars and two coaches. They took them and charged fifty dollars to take them. Fifty dollars! It is not much. Today try to rent a train for fifty dollars. (laughs) There is no one who will rent it to you. It was a lot of money then but the Italians, well, they all had money. They got together and they paid. They were very united. The same as the Spaniards. There were a lot of Spaniards here in Morenci when we arrived. The Spaniards were all bachelors. There were maybe six families. They [the men] got together six, or seven in a house and they cooked meals together. They were good cooks. They raised money. They were good at raising money, all of them. The Italians, too.

Madero was an Italian. Compaño had a little store there behind El Imperio. He lived on El Seis. He was a Spaniard. They bought barrels of 30 gallons of clarete, the Spaniards. Six or seven would get together and rent a house and there they would make their food. Then they would go and bring a barrel of clarete of 30 gallons. When they got home, they would put it on top of a blasting powder box that they brought from the mine. They would lay the barrel down and make a small hole and then put a faucet on it. Then stand it upright. Right away they would each get a glass and fill it with clarete. When they drank clarete, they were eating and did not get drunk.

The Italians also used wine with food. One never saw drunken Italians or Spaniards. In 1916 they passed the law here in Arizona that closed all the bars, they did not sell liquor. Then another law came that one could bring liquor from out of the state. One could order it. They used it only to drink it like the Spaniards. That lasted a year. Then the following year, the law was passed in the whole United States, dry. That is when a lot people started making their own. Many made wine and many made whiskey from corn. Everybody learned to make. Then again in 1937 a law was passed to bring back the liquor. Many got licenses to make beer and that is how the bars started. The Mexican always has always been the one who liked the bars.

The bars in Newtown were Pablo Becker's. They did not belong to the company; they belonged to Pablo Becker. He was a Jew. He was the king of Newtown. Everyone that lived there paid him rent. All the bars were there. There were four or five bars. They never closed their doors at night. Many would get out of work and they would go there to the bars. Yes, [the houses of prostitution] were there in the bars. Pablo Becker had his store there too. All the people from Morenci, from El Seis would go to Pablo Becker's store to buy clothes. He went twice a year to Los Angeles to buy lots of clothes to bring to Morenci. So he always had men, women, and children's clothes. There were always people who went there. He was married to a Mexican woman. Her name was Jesusita Moreno.

I knew your great-grandparents or great-great-grandparents, the Limones. They came from the state of Jalisco. They came to Juarez. I was little. In Juarez, they put what we called in the state of Jalisco, un sajuan. Do you know what un sajuan is? A person there in the state of Jalisco had un sajuan. As I understand it, un sajuan is the name they give to a place like a motel. The people who came from the ranches to do their business stopped en un sajuan. Those Limones, the first ones who came to Juarez, put a sajuan. At that time many people from Jalisco were coming. I know many people from Jalisco here in Morenci and in Clifton and in Ray, I knew people from the state of Jalisco, and in Miami. Those people when they got to Juarez, since they were piasanos, they all came there and stayed two or three days in the sajuan they [the Limones] had there. Now you know what a sajuan is. You are learning something that you do not know. Here there were a lot of people from Jalisco. Kaiser's family all came from Jalisco. Montoya too. They were from another part of Jalisco.

They did like we [our family] did. First one came, then they had piasanos and family members (we call the friends, piasanos) they came here, got money and left. The people were very poor there in the state of Jalisco, very poor. They traveled here; then they went back and told others and let them know where to go, what to do, where to stay. So others came and they knew the directions and what to do. Many people came to Morenci and worked for a year. I knew people who worked for a year, a year and a half, two years, saved their money, and said, "I am going back to my country. I am going to have a good time. There I will buy myself a good horse, a good house." That is what many aspired to, to have a good horse.

At that time there was in El Paso, no immigration. People came and went and no one said anything. There was an office that was called the office of renganches. It was an employment office. In that time, I was little when I came [about]six or seven, they were expanding the railroad all over the United States. Many who came from Mexico arrived there in Juarez and came to that office at the direction of others. That office hired only for the railroad. They were putting in [railroad] lines for the train. For a certain number of lines there was a station. In that station, lived five or six families. They worked on the tracks. They worked repairing the track where it had already been laid to keep it in good condition. Here in the United States it was.

There were some who had never been here before. They would arrive in Juarez; they would pass over [the border] to El Paso to the employment office, la oficina de renganches. There were some that would arrive early in the morning, pass over. They would bring their family, not big families, just their wives and maybe one child. They would arrive and make an application. Because they would come asking where the office was. They would come early in the morning, at seven or eight in the morning and by one in the afternoon they would be on their way with a job and they would be on the train to any part of the United States. But they did not know where they were going. They did not care. All they wanted was work. They hired them and sent them to where they working on putting track. There were lines they were putting to Chicago to Kansas City and to Los Angeles and to the north to Montana and New Mexico, like that.

So they were all being hired and when they got the job, they signed for six months. Then they put them on the train, not knowing where they were going. They dumped them at a station and from there they went to work on the track. They lasted six months and they saved their money and if they wanted, went to Mexico. They had a free train [ride] because they had worked on the railroad. There were others who did not. They stayed on for another six months. There were others, because over there in Mexico the little they knew was in agriculture, they wanted to go to California. In California there was a lot of agriculture. When the six months were up, instead of going to Mexico, they went to California to work in agriculture, in the harvest. Phoenix was a small town. All Phoenix was lots of agriculture. People went there to work in the agriculture. At that time there was not much [else].

Then there were others who had a relative who came to Morenci who worked in the mine and would write to them and at the end of six months [they] would come to Morenci to work in the mine. In that manner, the people started coming because they were so poor there. They came to look for a job, to work. They did not come looking for something special because they did not know anything. There were some that had to be taught how to use a shovel because they had never used one there in agriculture. That is why the people were coming. Some brought others. Some came on their own but others because other [people] told them what there was to do here and where they had been.

Many of those people did not know how to read or write. So they came and stayed here. They never returned to Mexico. Others stayed for a time and returned to Mexico, then came back again. If they stayed too long, they never came back. Many had family and they stayed here. Like my family. We came to El Paso. We were five years in El Paso. We lived there in the Texas ranch. At the end of five years we came to Morenci with my grandmother and my uncle. That is how we came here. Then we were here and here is where all of them were born, except Francisco and Tacío who were born in El Paso. All the rest were born in Morenci."